{"data":{"id":75644,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/75644","is_boosted":true,"title":"Coronation Stone of Moctezuma Xocoyotzin","alt_titles":[],"thumbnail":{"lqip":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBAAFAPQAACgiHzIrJDMvLDw1L01IQFZUTmZjWm5nXWVpaHFvaH54boF8bYeBcouEdoKEgYGFhIOMj52UhaOdjrSunwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAAEAAUAAAUR4BAAwhE1hDJJRsIsBfQ4SAgAOw==","width":1743,"height":2250,"alt_text":"Large plaque of stone carved with animal and geometric hieroglyphs."},"main_reference_number":"1990.21","has_not_been_viewed_much":false,"boost_rank":30,"date_start":1503,"date_end":1503,"date_display":"c. 1503","date_qualifier_title":"c.","date_qualifier_id":60,"artist_display":"Maker unknown (Mexica, Aztec)\nProbably Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), Mexico","place_of_origin":"Tenochtitlan","description":"<p>The Mexicas, or Aztec Empire, ruled central Mexico from 1428 until 1521. This monument uses glyphs to record the history of the Mexica universe up to 1503. On the back, <em>1 Rabbit<\/em> represents the beginning of time. On the front, the four previous cosmic eras are inscribed in the corners, while the current cosmic era <em>4 Movement<\/em> appears in the center. <em>1 Crocodile<\/em> (above) and <em>11 Reed<\/em> (in the square frame) indicate the date July 15, 1503, when the ninth emperor Moctezuma Xocoyotzin was coronated. Just as these glyphs recurred throughout the Mexica capital, Tenochtitlan, they can also be found in Chicago: <em>4 Movement<\/em> appears in a mural at the 18th Street \u201cL\u201d stop and on manhole covers in Pilsen\u2014a neighborhood that has long been home to Chicago\u2019s vibrant Mexican community.<\/p>\n","short_description":"This stone, commemorating the beginning of Emperor Motecuhzoma II's reign, was originally located within the ritual center of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the empire conquered by the Aztecs between 1428 and 1519. The city's ruins lie beneath modern-day Mexico City. The sculpture legitimizes Motecuhzoma\u2019s rule as part of the cosmic cycle and presents him as heir to the world in the present era of creation.","dimensions":"67.4 \u00d7 57.8 \u00d7 22.9 cm (26 1\/2 \u00d7 22 3\/4 \u00d7 9 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":22,"width":57,"height":67,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"Basalt","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Major Acquisitions Fund","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":"H.B. Nicholson with Eloise Qui\u00f1ones Keber, <em>Art of Ancient Mexico: Treasures of Tenochtitlan<\/em>, exh. cat. (National Gallery of Art, 1983), 41\u201342.\n\nRichard Townsend, ed., <em>The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes<\/em>, exh. cat. (Art Institute of Chicago, 1992), 57\u201359, 375, cat. 3, fig. 13a-c (ill.), as <em>Coronation Stone of Moctezuma II (\"Stone of the Five Suns\")<\/em>.\n\nJames N. Wood, <em>The Art Institute of Chicago: The Essential Guide<\/em> (Art Institute of Chicago, 1993), 15 (ill.), as <em>Coronation Stone of Motecuhzoma II<\/em>.\n\nJohn McKay, <em>A History of World Societies<\/em>, 5th ed. (Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999).\n\nJean Sousa, <em>Looking at Art Together: A Parent Guide<\/em> (Art Institute of Chicago, 2002).\n\nJames N. Wood, <em>The Essential Guide<\/em>, revised ed. (Art Institute of Chicago, 2003), 15 (ill.), as <em>Coronation Stone of Motecuhzoma II \"Stone of the Five Suns\"<\/em>.\n\nEduardo Matos Moctezuma and Felipe Solis Olgu\u00edn, <em>Aztecs<\/em>, exh. cat. (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2003), 455\u2013456, cat. 226.\n\nGauvin Bailey, <em>Art of Colonial Latin America<\/em> (Phaidon Press, 2004).\n\nEduardo Matos Moctezuma and Felipe Solis Olgu\u00edn, <em>The Aztec Calendar and other Solar Monuments<\/em>, trans. H. J. Drake (M\u00e9xico, D.F.: CONACULTA-Instituto Nacional de Antropolog\u00eda e Historia, Grupo Azabache, 2005), 125\u2013126, 155.\n\nJames Cuno, <em>The Essential Guide<\/em>, 3rd ed. (Art Institute of Chicago, 2009), 24 (ill.), as <em>Coronation Stone of Motecuhzoma II (Stone of the Five Suns)<\/em>.\n\nRichard R. Townsend, <em>The Aztecs<\/em>, 3rd ed. (New York and London: Thames and Hudson, 2009), 29\u201330.\n\nColin McEwan and Leonardo Lopez Lujan, eds. <em>Moctezuma: Aztec Ruler<\/em>, exh. cat. (British Museum, 2009), 68\u201369.\n\nRichard Townsend and Kathleen Bickford Berzock, \u201cThe Art Institute of Chicago New Galleries,\u201d in <em>Tribal Arts<\/em> XVI-1\/62 (Winter 2011): 65, fig. 15.\n\nDouglas Druick, <em>The Essential Guide<\/em>, 4th ed. (Art Institute of Chicago, 2013), 24 (ill.), as <em>Coronation Stone of Motecuhzoma II (Stone of the Five Suns)<\/em>.\n\nRichard Townsend with Elizabeth Pope, <em>Indian Art of the Americas at the Art Institute of Chicago<\/em> (Art Institute of Chicago, 2016), 234\u2013235, cat. 186.","exhibition_history":"Washington, DC, National Gallery of Art in association with Dumbarton Oaks, <em>Art of Ancient Mexico: Treasures of Tenochtitlan<\/em>, Sept. 28, 1983\u2013Jan. 8, 1984, cat.\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.artic.edu\/exhibitions\/7966\/the-ancient-americas-art-from-sacred-landscapes\"><em>The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes<\/em><\/a>, Oct. 10, 1992\u2013Jan. 3, 1993, cat. 3, as <em>Coronation Stone of Moctezuma II (\"Stone of the Five Suns\")<\/em>; Houston, Museum of Fine Arts, Feb. 4\u2013April 18, 1993; Los Angeles County Museum of Art, June 6\u2013Aug. 15, 1993.\n\nLondon, Royal Academy of Arts, <em>Aztecs<\/em>, Nov. 16, 2002\u2013Apr. 11, 2003, cat. 226; Berlin, Germany, Martin\u2013Gropius\u2013Bau, Kulturveranstaltungen des Bundes, May 16\u2013Aug. 10, 2003; Bonn, Kunts\u2013und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Sept. 12, 2003\u2013Jan. 11, 2004.\n\nChicago, The Field Museum, <em>The Aztec World<\/em>, Oct. 28, 2008\u2013April 19, 2009, not in cat.\n\nLondon, British Museum, <em>Moctezuma: Aztec Ruler<\/em>, Sept. 24, 2009\u2013Jan. 24, 2010, cat. 14.","provenance_text":"Stendahl Art Galleries, Los Angeles, by Feb. 10, 1971 [unpublished typewritten analytical study prepared by Hasso von Winning and sent to Stendahl Art Galleries on Feb. 10, 1971, inscribed \u201cHvW Feb. 10, 1971\u201d and \u201cto Stendahl 10-II-71,\u201d in the West Lake Society archive, RI; slide of object at Stendahl Art Galleries photographed by H.B. Nicholson identified as \u201c5 Suns Stone,\u201d marked \u201cS\u201d (referring to Stendahl Art Galleries), and timestamped with slide processing date FEB71H7, in the H.B. Nicholson Slide Archive, California State University, Los Angeles; copies in curatorial object file]; sold to Seth G. Atwood (1917\u20132010), Time Museum, Rockford, IL, Nov. 14, 1972 [letter from Patricia Atwood, Dec. 18, 1989; copy in curatorial object file]; sold to the Art Institute of Chicago, Jan. 9, 1990.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Everything","internal_department_id":21,"fiscal_year":1990,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":true,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":true,"colorfulness":13.5583,"color":{"h":43,"l":52,"s":4,"percentage":0.06236480357267462,"population":572},"latitude":41.879149137454,"longitude":-87.622132860124,"latlon":"41.879149137454,-87.622132860124","is_on_view":true,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":"Gallery 161","gallery_id":2147477236,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Sculpture","artwork_type_id":3,"department_title":"Arts of the Americas","department_id":"PC-3","artist_id":29878,"artist_title":"Mexica (Aztec)","alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[29878],"artist_titles":["Mexica (Aztec)"],"category_ids":["PC-3","PC-109","PC-829","PC-831"],"category_titles":["Arts of the Americas","Art Institute Icons","Latin American","Essentials"],"term_titles":["basalt (basic igneous rock)","ceremonial object","architecture","carving","mexica (aztec)","stone","basic igneous rock","igneous rock","rock","inorganic material","aztec","mesoamerican","Pre-Columbian","americas","art of the americas","history","coronations","animals","record of events","Hieroglyphs","Mexico","Aztecs","mythology","kingship","rulers (people)","sculpture","Arts of the Americas","goddesses"],"style_id":"TM-16457","style_title":"mexica (aztec)","alt_style_ids":["TM-6640","TM-6522","TM-6516","TM-6515","TM-13488"],"style_ids":["TM-16457","TM-6640","TM-6522","TM-6516","TM-6515","TM-13488"],"style_titles":["mexica (aztec)","aztec","mesoamerican","Pre-Columbian","americas","Arts of the Americas"],"classification_id":"TM-319","classification_title":"ceremonial object","alt_classification_ids":["TM-96","TM-13487","TM-13"],"classification_ids":["TM-319","TM-96","TM-13487","TM-13"],"classification_titles":["ceremonial object","stone","art of the americas","sculpture"],"subject_id":"TM-12085","alt_subject_ids":["TM-8818","TM-12526","TM-12218","TM-12524","TM-12185","TM-12299","TM-12523","TM-8766","TM-12871","TM-12865","TM-12067"],"subject_ids":["TM-12085","TM-8818","TM-12526","TM-12218","TM-12524","TM-12185","TM-12299","TM-12523","TM-8766","TM-12871","TM-12865","TM-12067"],"subject_titles":["architecture","history","coronations","animals","record of events","Hieroglyphs","Mexico","Aztecs","mythology","kingship","rulers (people)","goddesses"],"material_id":"TM-2445","alt_material_ids":["TM-2837","TM-2797","TM-2796","TM-2600"],"material_ids":["TM-2445","TM-2837","TM-2797","TM-2796","TM-2600"],"material_titles":["basalt (basic igneous rock)","basic igneous rock","igneous rock","rock","inorganic material"],"technique_id":"TM-3863","alt_technique_ids":[],"technique_ids":["TM-3863"],"technique_titles":["carving"],"theme_titles":["Art Institute Icons","Latin American","Essentials"],"image_id":"ea8c5d62-6ce8-88e8-feb1-e0053cf534c5","alt_image_ids":["b67df521-56d2-0b6c-a97b-ea6ec9448c22","487eb49a-7e5e-287f-3546-dd8626c2e912","1d59d547-aad0-50f5-ac1c-6e516eea146b","b31a5bde-a7a9-1ddc-7768-f5772aedc91c","af8e8002-ebd5-f21a-ba8b-ba8061db4f17","cda43b7b-cc3a-21a3-e408-21f72a17011b"],"document_ids":["5a859056-04bc-45b7-b8fd-e0cc482f4369","3359eda7-b68f-8419-a89c-478caf643122"],"sound_ids":["5a859056-04bc-45b7-b8fd-e0cc482f4369","3359eda7-b68f-8419-a89c-478caf643122"],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_boosted":"Coronation Stone of Moctezuma Xocoyotzin","suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1990.21"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Coronation Stone of Moctezuma Xocoyotzin"],"weight":23830,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-08-05T16:55:21-05:00","updated_at":"2026-08-06T12:08:30-05:00","timestamp":"2026-08-07T01:06:21-05:00"},"info":{"license_text":"The `description` field in this response is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Generic License (CC-By) and the Terms and Conditions of artic.edu. All other data in this response is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero (CC0) 1.0 designation and the Terms and Conditions of artic.edu.","license_links":["https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/","https:\/\/www.artic.edu\/terms"],"version":"1.14"},"config":{"iiif_url":"https:\/\/www.artic.edu\/iiif\/2","website_url":"http:\/\/www.artic.edu"}}