{"data":{"id":21934,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/21934","is_boosted":false,"title":"Kitchen Scene","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":{"lqip":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhCgAFAPUAAB8YCyEaCyMaDCQbDCMcDyQeDyQeEiYeEigfECYgDycgEikiEyojEiwkEy4kEi4lEykjFSsjFCojFS0iFC4mFCwlFy4lFi4mFi8mFy8pFyslGCsmGDEmFTEnFTEmFjMnFjApFTQqGDUtGjcuGjgvGjoxGj4yGjkwHzkxHzUwITkyIzs1Izw0Ijs2JEA2G0Y5HVRRQQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAAKAAUAAAYuQExloYKJSK0VyGO5hDiNTkqjmXweiUDhhAAYTK8MQUBhRSQHV4mBGjkGkI0iCAA7","width":3000,"height":1552,"alt_text":"A work made of oil on canvas."},"main_reference_number":"1935.380","has_not_been_viewed_much":false,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":1618,"date_end":1622,"date_display":"1618\u201320","date_qualifier_title":"","date_qualifier_id":null,"artist_display":"Diego Vel\u00e1zquez (Spanish, 1599\u20131660)","place_of_origin":"Spain","description":"<p>In this modest kitchen scene, a type known as a <em>bodeg\u00f3n<\/em> (from the Spanish word for pantry), Diego Vel\u00e1zquez depicted a young African woman at work, surrounded by exquisitely rendered pots, jugs, a mortar and pestle, and a crumpled paper wrapper for spices. In creating this painting, Vel\u00e1zquez may have used an enslaved woman from his or an associate\u2019s household as a model. Slavery was widespread in the young artist\u2019s hometown of Seville, Spain, and Vel\u00e1zquez, his father, and his teacher, Francisco Pacheco, were all enslavers.<\/p>\n","short_description":"In this kitchen scene, a type known as a <em>bodeg\u00f3n<\/em> (Spanish for pantry), Diego Vel\u00e1zquez depicted a young African woman at work, surrounded by exquisitely rendered pots and jugs and a crumpled paper wrapper for spices. Slavery was widespread in the young artist\u2019s hometown of Seville\u2014Vel\u00e1zquez, his father, and his teacher were all enslavers. Vel\u00e1zquez may have used an enslaved woman from one of these households as a model for this painting.","dimensions":"55.9 \u00d7 104.2 cm (21 7\/8 \u00d7 41 1\/8 in.); Framed: 74.9 \u00d7 125.1 \u00d7 7.3 cm (29 1\/2 \u00d7 49 1\/4 \u00d7 2 7\/8 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":null,"width":104,"height":55,"diameter":null,"clarification":null},{"depth":7,"width":125,"height":74,"diameter":null,"clarification":"Framed"}],"medium_display":"Oil on canvas","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Robert A. Waller Memorial Fund","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":"August L. Mayer, \u201cDas Original der \u2018K\u00fcchenmagd\u2019 von Vel\u00e1zquez,\u201d Der Cicerone 19 (1927), pp. 562-63, ill.\n\n[J. Goudstikker], Catalogue des nouvelles acquisitions de la collection Goudstikker expos\u00e9es \u00e0 Amsterdam, Heerengracht 458, no. 33 (Amsterdam, 1927), p. 127, no. 129.\n\nColumbus Gallery of Fine Arts, Bulletin 7, 1 (October 1936), pp. 2-3.\n\nAugust L. Mayer, Vel\u00e1zquez: A Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9 of the Pictures and Drawings (London, 1936), p. 24, no. 105, pl. 39.\n\n\u201cFifteen New Acquisitions at Chicago,\u201d The Art News 35, 13 (December 26, 1936), p. 9, ill.\n\nDaniel Catton Rich, \u201cAn El Greco and a Vel\u00e1zquez,\u201d Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago 31 (1937), pp. 2\u20135, ill.\n\nEnrique Lafuente, Velazquez (London and New York, 1943), pp. 10, 11, , 17, under no. III, pl. 3.\n\nMartin S. Soria, \u201cAn Unknown Early Painting by Vel\u00e1zquez,\u201d Burlington Magazine 91 (1949), pp. 124, 127, 128, fig. 4.\n\nDorothy Grafly, \u201cOn the Subject of Man.  A Report on the Carnegie Institute\u2019s \u2018Genre\u2019 Show and the Arensberg Collection at the Philadelphia Museum of Art,\u201d American Artist 18, 9 (December 1954), p. 38 (ill.).\n\nBernardino de Pantorba, La vida y la obra del Vel\u00e1zquez (Madrid, 1955), p. 65, no. 5 (ill.).\n\nCharles Sterling, La Nature Morte de l\u2019antiquit\u00e9 \u00e0 nos jours (Paris, 1952), no. 62, pp. 67, 132.\n\nCarl Justi, Vel\u00e1zquez y su siglo (Madrid, 1953), rev. ed. with appendix by Juan Antonio Gaya Nu\u00f1o, pp. 818, 830, fig. 228.\n\nJuan Antonio Gaya Nu\u00f1o, La Pintura Espa\u00f1ola fuera de Espa\u00f1a (Historia y Cat\u00e1logo) (Madrid, 1958), p. 318, no. 2815.\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, Paintings in the Art Institute of Chicago. A Catalogue of the Picture Collection (Chicago, 1961), pp. 459-60, ill. p. 99.\n\nJuan Antonio Gaya Nu\u00f1o, Diego Vel\u00e1zquez (Madrid, 1962), p. 10.\n\nJos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Rey, Vel\u00e1zquez: A Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9 of His Oeuvre (London, 1963), p. 156, no. 99, pl. 24.\n\nLeo Steinberg, review of Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Rey, Vel\u00e1zquez:  A Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9 of His Oeuvre in The Art Bulletin, 47 (1965), pp. 278, 279, 281.\n\nJos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Rey, Vel\u00e1zquez' Work and World (London, 1968), pl. 21.\n\nP. M. Bardi, L\u2019Opera completa di Vel\u00e1zquez (Milan, 1969), cat. 5A (ill.).\n\nJohn Maxon, The Art Institute of Chicago (London, 1970), pp. 258, ill., 288.\n\nJose Gudiol, Vel\u00e1zquez 1599-1660: Historia de su vida; Catalogo de su obra; estudio de la evolucion de su tecnica (Barcelona, 1973), p. 323, cat. 4, fig. 11.\n\nMadlyn Millner Kahr, Vel\u00e1zquez: The Art of Painting (New York, 1976), p. 21.\n\nJos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Rey, Vel\u00e1zquez.  The Artist as a Maker with a Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9 of his extant Works (Lausanne-Paris, 1979), pp. 17, 218, no. 18, fig. 77.\n\nJohn D. Morse, Old Master Paintings in North America (New York, 1979), p. 285.\n\nMaurice S\u00e9rullaz, Vel\u00e1zquez (New York, 1981), p. 32, fig. 38.\n\nMarianna Haraszti-Tak\u00e1cs, Spanish Genre Painting in the Seventeenth Century (Budapest, 1983), pp. 223-24, no. 213, pl. 82. \n\nWilliam B. Jordan, Spanish Still Life in the Golden Age, 1600-1650, exhib. cat., Fort Worth, Kimbell Art Museum, 1985, pp. 76, 81, n. 15.\n\nCharles Sterling, La nature morte de l'antiquit\u00e9 au XXe si\u00e8cle (rev. ed., Paris, 1985), pp. 63 ill., 71-2, 137.\n\nJonathan Brown, Vel\u00e1zquez: Painter and Courtier (New Haven and London, 1986), p. 21, pl. 26.\n\nBarry Wind, Velazquez's Bodegones: A Study in Seventeenth-Century Spanish Genre Painting (Fairfax, Virginia, 1987), fig. 8.\n\nRosemarie Mulcahy, Spanish Paintings in The National Gallery of Ireland (Dublin, 1988), pp. 79-82.\n\nAdrian Le Harivel, Rosemarie Mulcahy, and Homan Potterton, National Gallery of Ireland: The Beit Collection (Dublin, 1988), p. 52, under no. 16.\n\nAntonio Dom\u00ednguez Ortiz, Alfonso E. P\u00e9rez S\u00e1nchez, Juli\u00e1n G\u00e1llego, Vel\u00e1zquez, exhib. cat., Madrid, Museo del Prado, 1990, pp. 58-61, under cat. 1, ill.\n\nOdile Delenda, Vel\u00e1zquez: Peintre religieux (Geneva, 1993), p. 32, pl. 5.\n\nJuli\u00e1n G\u00e1llego, Vel\u00e1zquez en Sevilla (Seville, 1994), pp. 101, 113-14, 180; reprinted in Juli\u00e1n G\u00e1llego, La realidad trascendida y otros estudios sobre Vel\u00e1zquez, ed. Francisco Calvo Serraller and Javier Port\u00fas (Madrid, 2011), pp. 188, 193, under no. 4.\n\nJos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Rey, Vel\u00e1zquez. Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9 (Cologne, 1996), pp. 42-44, no. 18, ill. p. 45.\n\nYves Bottineau, Vel\u00e1zquez (Paris, 1998), p. 53, fig. 35.\n\nPeter Cherry, Arte y Naturaleza: el bodeg\u00f3n espa\u00f1ol en el siglo de oro (Aranjuez, 1999), pp. 56, 62, 70 n. 88, pl. 26.\n\nGridley McKim-Smith, \"La t\u00e9cnica Sevillana de Vel\u00e1zquez\" in Vel\u00e1zquez y Sevilla, exhib. cat. Seville, Monasterio de la Cartuja de Santa Mar\u00eda de las Cuevas, 1999, pp. 116, 119 ill. \n\nMiguel Mor\u00e1n Turina and Isabel S\u00e1nchez Quevedo, Vel\u00e1zquez. Cat\u00e1logo completo (Madrid, 1999), pp. 22, 24-25, ill., no. 4.\n\nFelix Scheffler, Das spanische Stilleben des 17. Jahrhunderts: Theorie, Genese und Entfaltung einer neuen Bildgattung (Frankfurt am Main, 2000), p. 124, fig 19.\n\nGridley McKim-Smith, Inge Fiedler, Rhona Macbeth, Richard Newman, and Frank Zuccari, \u201cVel\u00e1zquez:  Painting from Life\u201d in Essays in Honor of John M. Brealey, Metropolitan Museum Journal, 40 (2005), pp. 79-91, figs. 1,3, 4.\n\nFrank Zuccari, Zahira V\u00e9liz, and Inge Fiedler, \u201cSaint John in the Wilderness: Observations on Technique, Style, and Authorship,\u201d Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies 31, 2 (2005), pp. 32, 32, 107, figs. 3, 8b.\n\nJavier Portus, Vel\u00e1zquez\u2019s Fables.  Mythyology and Sacred History in the Golden Age, exhib. cat., Madrid, Museo Nacional del Prado, 2007, p. 306, under no. 3.\n\nPeter Cherry, review of Vel\u00e1zquez, National Gallery, London in Burlington Magazine 149 (2007), pp. 50-52, figs. 57, 59.\n\nFernando Checa, Vel\u00e1zquez: The Complete Paintings, (Antwerp, 2008), p. 61, no. 5b ill. \n\nSarah Schroth, \u201cA New Style of Grandeur: Politics and Patronage at the Court of Philip III\u201d in El Greco to Vel\u00e1zquez, Art during the Reign of Philip III, exhib. cat., Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, 2008, p. 114.\n\nSarah Schroth and Ronni Baer, \u201cStill Life and the Bodeg\u00f3n\u201d in El Greco to Vel\u00e1zquez, Art during the Reign of Philip III, exhib. cat. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, 2008, p. 271.  \n\nDavid Pullins and Vanessa K. Vald\u00e9s, Juan de Pareja: Afro-Hispanic Painter in the Age of Vel\u00e1zquez, exh. cat. (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2023), 72, 73 (ill), 74, as Kitchen Maid.","exhibition_history":"Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum, Tentoonstelling van Oude Kunst door de Vereeniging van Handelaren in Oude Kunst in Nederland, 1929, no. 151.\n\nColumbus, Ohio, Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, Spanish Paintings, Textiles, Furniture, Arms and Pottery, 1936, no cat. \n\nHartford, Connecticut, Wadsworth Atheneum, The Painters of Still Life, 25 January\u201315 February 1938, cat. 42.\n\nToledo, Ohio, Toledo Museum of Art, Spanish Painting, 16 March - 27 April, 1941, no. 59.\n\nSeattle, Washington, Seattle Art Museum, Caravaggio and the Tenebrosi, 8 April \u2013 30 May 1954, no. 23.\n\nPittsburgh, Carnegie Institute, Pictures of Everyday Life: Genre Painting in Europe 1500-1900, 14 October \u2013 12 December 1954, no. 27.\n\nDenver, Colorado, The Denver Art Museum, Baroque Art, 3 October \u2013 15 November 1971, p. 106, ill.\n\nEdinburgh, National Gallery of Scotland, Vel\u00e1zquez in Seville, August 8\u2013October 20, 1996, cat. 23. \n\nMuseo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, El Bodeg\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ol [De Zurbar\u00e1n a Picasso], 13 December 1999 - 19 April 2000, no. 17.\n\nSeville, Hospital de los Venerables, De Herrera a Velazquez: El primer naturalismo en Sevilla, 29 November 2005 - 28 February 2006; traveled to Bilbao, Museo de Belles Artes de Bilbao, 20 March - 28 May 2006, no. 36.\n\nLondon, The National Gallery, Vel\u00e1zquez, 18 October 2006 - 21 January 2007, no. 6. \n\nBoston, Museum of Fine Arts, El Greco to Vel\u00e1zquez, Art during the Reign of Philip III, April 20- July 27, 2008, cat. 60; Durham, North Carolina, Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University, August 21- November 9, 2008.\n\nParis, Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, Vel\u00e1zquez, March 20-July 13, 2015, cat. 16.\n\nNew York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Juan de Pareja, Afro-Hispanic Painter, Apr. 3 - July 16, 2023, p. 73 (ill), as Kitchen Maid.","provenance_text":"Private collection, Zurich [according to Mayer 1936].  Dr. L. von Buerkel, Munich [according to Mayer 1936]. Bottenwieser, Berlin [according to Mayer 1936].  J. Goudstikker, Amsterdam, by 1927, until 1935 [see Mayer 1927; Mayer 1936 mentions Mrs. Sterner, New York as owner between Goudstikker and the Art Institute, however, the painting was shipped directly from Goudstikker in Amsterdam to Chicago in November, 1935]; sold by Goudstikker to The Art Institute, 1935.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":14,"fiscal_year":1936,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":true,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":13.2756,"color":{"h":55,"l":52,"s":17,"percentage":0.002992806381751499,"population":11},"latitude":41.879306849011996,"longitude":-87.623902392694,"latlon":"41.879306849012,-87.623902392694","is_on_view":true,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":"Gallery 211","gallery_id":2147483626,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Painting","artwork_type_id":1,"department_title":"Painting and Sculpture of Europe","department_id":"PC-10","artist_id":41188,"artist_title":"Diego Vel\u00e1zquez","alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[41188],"artist_titles":["Diego Vel\u00e1zquez"],"category_ids":["PC-10"],"category_titles":["Painting and Sculpture of Europe"],"term_titles":["painting","oil paint (paint)","painting","17th Century","slavery","still life","oil on canvas","oil paintings (visual works)","paint","spanish","canvas","paint","painting","oil painting","painting (image making)","painting techniques","Baroque","African","domestic","domestic scenes","female","interior","jug","kitchen","portraits: African subject","servingware","Utensil","vase","women","european painting"],"style_id":"TM-13770","style_title":"17th Century","alt_style_ids":["TM-5894"],"style_ids":["TM-13770","TM-5894"],"style_titles":["17th Century","Baroque"],"classification_id":"TM-9","classification_title":"painting","alt_classification_ids":["TM-66","TM-78","TM-10387","TM-15664","TM-54"],"classification_ids":["TM-9","TM-66","TM-78","TM-10387","TM-15664","TM-54"],"classification_titles":["painting","oil on canvas","oil paintings (visual works)","paint","spanish","european painting"],"subject_id":"TM-12486","alt_subject_ids":["TM-8937","TM-12470","TM-14542","TM-10120","TM-13619","TM-14037","TM-13965","TM-15128","TM-8595","TM-12527","TM-14686","TM-14155","TM-8735"],"subject_ids":["TM-12486","TM-8937","TM-12470","TM-14542","TM-10120","TM-13619","TM-14037","TM-13965","TM-15128","TM-8595","TM-12527","TM-14686","TM-14155","TM-8735"],"subject_titles":["slavery","still life","African","domestic","domestic scenes","female","interior","jug","kitchen","portraits: African subject","servingware","Utensil","vase","women"],"material_id":"TM-2451","alt_material_ids":["TM-3124","TM-2577","TM-13502"],"material_ids":["TM-2451","TM-3124","TM-2577","TM-13502"],"material_titles":["oil paint (paint)","canvas","paint","painting"],"technique_id":"TM-14210","alt_technique_ids":["TM-4273","TM-3891","TM-3971"],"technique_ids":["TM-14210","TM-4273","TM-3891","TM-3971"],"technique_titles":["painting","oil painting","painting (image making)","painting techniques"],"theme_titles":[],"image_id":"68452725-eba5-06e3-46d2-50c678a5d672","alt_image_ids":[],"document_ids":["e600d20d-2a49-1137-664f-8204faca498c"],"sound_ids":["e600d20d-2a49-1137-664f-8204faca498c"],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1935.380"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Kitchen Scene"],"weight":11896,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-03-17T16:52:43-05:00","updated_at":"2026-08-27T15:11:35-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-06T05:52:07-05:00"},"info":{"license_text":"The `description` field in this response is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Generic License (CC-By) and the Terms and Conditions of artic.edu. 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