{"data":{"id":172,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/172","is_boosted":false,"title":"Oinochoe (Pitcher)","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":{"lqip":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBAAFAPQAAB8cHzEtMFVSVWdiZGxnaX56e317gKKfpKejpa6prbmzs7y4usfCx87KztHMztDMz9jU1dvX1uHd3Ofi4QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAAAAAAAIf4KQXBwbGVNYXJrCgAsAAAAAAQABQAABRGggyyQVBBTNATKIwBJcxhMCAA7","width":768,"height":1024,"alt_text":"Terracotta pitcher with a black glaze, faint stripes incised around its bulbous body."},"main_reference_number":"1889.19","has_not_been_viewed_much":false,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":-550,"date_end":-500,"date_display":"550-500 BCE","date_qualifier_title":"Made","date_qualifier_id":4,"artist_display":"Etruscan","place_of_origin":"Etruria","description":"<p>This pitcher for wine is called an oinochoe, a combination of the Greek o\u00eenos, &quot;wine&quot; and kh\u00e9\u014d, &quot;I pour&quot;. The shiny black glaze is the result of a technique invented by the Etruscans, a powerful ancient civilization in ancient Italy - near modern day Tuscany -  with whom the Greeks regularly traded. The glossy black pottery later known as Bucchero ware was made from the 7th century to the late 5th century BC. Produced for both domestic and funerary uses, Bucchero ware was popular locally and across the Mediterranean. Potters achieved the signature shiny black surface by firing the pottery in a reduced-oxygen kiln, where restricted ventilation caused the iron oxide in the coarse Tuscan clay to turn black. Before firing, the clay was burnished, or polished with a smooth stone, resulting in the sought-after sheen, which mimicked the gleam of bronze vessels.<\/p>\n","short_description":null,"dimensions":"35.6 \u00d7 20.3 \u00d7 19.1 cm (14 \u00d7 8 \u00d7 7 1\/2 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":19,"width":20,"height":35,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"terracotta, Bucchero sottile ware","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Gift of Philip D. Armour and Charles L. Hutchinson","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":"William M.R. French, Notes [on a] journey to Europe with Mr. and Mrs. C.L. Hutchinson starting from New York Sat'y Mch. 9, 1889- , (unpublished manuscript, Art Institute of Chicago Archives), p. 27.\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, Preliminary Catalogue of Metal Work, Graeco-Italian Vases, and Antiquities, December 9, 1889 (Chicago: Early and Halla Printing Company, 1889), p. 41, no. 339.\n\nKaren B. Alexander, \"From Plaster to Stone: Ancient Art at the Art Institute of Chicago,\" in Karen Manchester, Recasting the Past: Collecting and Presenting Antiquities at the Art Institute of Chicago (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012), p. 18.","exhibition_history":"The Art Institute of Chicago, 1889: The First Year of the Classical Collections, Gallery 101A, October 2, 1989 - January 15, 1990. \n\nThe Art Institute of Chicago, Of Gods and Glamour: The Mary and Michael Jaharis Galleries of Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Art, Gallery 152, November 11, 2012 - present.","provenance_text":"Said to be found in Chimsi, 1880 [Old Register at the Art Institute of Chicago]. Augusto Mele, Naples, Italy; sold to the Art Institute of Chicago through J.C. Fletcher as agent, 1889; price reimbursed by Charles Hutchinson and Philip D. Armour, 1889.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":941,"fiscal_year":null,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":false,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":3.4364,"color":{"h":353,"l":51,"s":2,"percentage":0.01224233060202716,"population":116},"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"latlon":null,"is_on_view":true,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":"Gallery 151","gallery_id":26773,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Vessel","artwork_type_id":23,"department_title":"Arts of Greece, Rome, and Byzantium","department_id":"PC-4","artist_id":44104,"artist_title":"Ancient Etruscan","alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[44104],"artist_titles":["Ancient Etruscan"],"category_ids":["PC-4","PC-832"],"category_titles":["Arts of Greece, Rome, and Byzantium","Drinking and Dining"],"term_titles":["pitcher (vessel)","ceramic","etruscan","ceramics","archaic (greek)","vessel","ancient art","dining","drinking","container","ancient"],"style_id":"TM-4435","style_title":"etruscan","alt_style_ids":["TM-4313","TM-8542"],"style_ids":["TM-4435","TM-4313","TM-8542"],"style_titles":["etruscan","archaic (greek)","ancient"],"classification_id":"TM-11715","classification_title":"pitcher (vessel)","alt_classification_ids":["TM-46","TM-27","TM-1392","TM-297"],"classification_ids":["TM-11715","TM-46","TM-27","TM-1392","TM-297"],"classification_titles":["pitcher (vessel)","ceramics","vessel","ancient art","container"],"subject_id":null,"alt_subject_ids":["TM-12076","TM-12077"],"subject_ids":["TM-12076","TM-12077"],"subject_titles":["dining","drinking"],"material_id":"TM-2432","alt_material_ids":[],"material_ids":["TM-2432"],"material_titles":["ceramic"],"technique_id":null,"alt_technique_ids":[],"technique_ids":[],"technique_titles":[],"theme_titles":["Drinking and Dining"],"image_id":"09690ae8-43b3-4814-793e-af5ce930eea8","alt_image_ids":[],"document_ids":[],"sound_ids":[],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1889.19"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Oinochoe (Pitcher)"],"weight":26520,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-07-29T14:33:41-05:00","updated_at":"2026-09-22T21:13:54-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-26T18:32:21-05:00"},"info":{"license_text":"The `description` field in this response is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Generic License (CC-By) and the Terms and Conditions of artic.edu. All other data in this response is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero (CC0) 1.0 designation and the Terms and Conditions of artic.edu.","license_links":["https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/","https:\/\/www.artic.edu\/terms"],"version":"1.16"},"config":{"iiif_url":"https:\/\/www.artic.edu\/iiif\/2","website_url":"http:\/\/www.artic.edu"}}