{"data":{"id":110759,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/110759","is_boosted":false,"title":"Alessandro de' Medici","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":{"lqip":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBAAFAPQAABMRDxkWEhcYFBsZFB8eGSIbFyAgGiMiGyYiGyYkHDkmGzUsIjMqJEEtIEg8LUw9Llc4JWlINZhnR6uCYAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAAEAAUAAAURILIEhjM1xCNBRxIpwsAUQAgAOw==","width":5063,"height":6411,"alt_text":"A work made of oil on panel."},"main_reference_number":"1933.1002","has_not_been_viewed_much":false,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":1534,"date_end":1535,"date_display":"1534\u201335","date_qualifier_title":"","date_qualifier_id":null,"artist_display":"Jacopo da Pontormo (Jacopo Carrucci; Italian, 1494-1557)","place_of_origin":"Italy","description":"<p>This painting is a preliminary study of Alessandro de\u2019 Medici that Jacopo da Pontormo and his workshop could consult during the creation of larger, formal portraits. Born the illegitimate child of Pope Clement VII and an enslaved African woman named Simonetta, Alessandro was appointed Duke of Florence in 1529. Known as \u201cil Moro\u201d (the Moor), then a common descriptor for people of African descent, his attempts to centralize authority fueled his reputation as a shrewd but tyrannical ruler. His short-lived reign ended with his assassination at his cousin\u2019s hand.<\/p>\n","short_description":null,"dimensions":"35.3 \u00d7 25.8 cm (13 7\/8 \u00d7 10 1\/8 in.); Framed: 47.7 \u00d7 42 \u00d7 6.1 cm (18 3\/4 \u00d7 16 1\/2 \u00d7 2 3\/8 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":null,"width":25,"height":35,"diameter":null,"clarification":null},{"depth":6,"width":42,"height":47,"diameter":null,"clarification":"Framed"}],"medium_display":"Oil on panel","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Mr. and Mrs. Martin A. Ryerson Collection","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":"Gustav Waagen, Treasures of Art in Great Britain, vol. 2, London, 1854, p. 232.\n\nG. Frizzoni, La Gallerie Morelli in Bergamo, Bergamo, 1892, p. 19.  \n\nA. McComb, Agnolo Bronzino:  His Life and Works, Cambridge, Mass., 1928, pp, 44, 137.\n\nWilliam R. Valentiner, Paintings in the Collection of Martin A. Ryerson, unpub. MS [1932], Archives, Art Institute of Chicago, n. pg.\n\nBernard Berenson, Italian Pictures of the Renaissance, Oxford, 1932, p. 114.\n\nBernard Berenson, Pitture italiane de Rinascimento, Milan, 1936, p. 98.\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, Paintings in the Art Institute of Chicago. A Catalogue of the Picture Collection, Chicago, 1961, p. 226.\n\nBernard Berenson, Italian Pictures of the Renaissance: Central and North Italian Schools, vol. 1, London, 1968, p. 41.\n\nKarla Langedijk, The Portraits of the Medici, 15th to 18th Centuries, vol. 1, Florence, 1981, pp. 84, 86.\n\nEllis Waterhouse, \u201cEarlier Paintings in the Earlier Years of the Art Institute: The Role of the Private Collector,\u201d Museum Studies 10 (1983), pp. 84-5.\n\nChristopher Lloyd, Italian Paintings before 1600 in the Art Institute of Chicago. A Catalogue of the Collection, Chicago, 1993, pp. 197-202, ill.\n\nPhilippe Costamagna, Pontormo, Milan, 1994, pp. 87, 221-3, no. 71, ill. p. 82.\n\nAnna Forlani Tempesti, Alessandra Giovannetti, Pontormo, Florence, 1994, p. 137-8, no. 43, ill.\n\nJohn E. Gedo, The Artist and Emotional World: Creativity and Personality, New York, 1996, p. 189, fig. 13.11.\n\nJanet Cox-Rearick, review of Costamagna, Pontormo in Burlington Magazine 139 (1997), p. 128.\n\nElizabeth Pilliod, Pontormo, Bronzino, Allori:  A Genealogy of Florentine Art, New Haven and London, 2001, p. 11, fig. 7.\n\nHolland Cotter, \"A Party of Renaissance Personalities,\" New York Times, November 26, 2004, pp. 37.\n\nJanet Cox-Rearick, review of Philadelphia 2004 in Burlington Magazine 147 (2005), pp. 211-12.\n\nLarry J. Feinberg, \"A Brief History of the Old Masters in the Art Institute of Chicago,\" Museum Studies 32, 2 (2006), p. 8, fig. 3.\n\nJoaneath Spicer, \"Free Men and Women of African Ancestry in Renaissance Europe\" in Revealing the African Presence in Renaissance Europe, exh. cat. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, 2012, p. 96 n. 64.","exhibition_history":"Toronto, Art Gallery of Toronto, Italian Old Masters and German Primitives, 1931, no. 26, as Bronzino.\n\nMuskegon, Michigan, Hackley Art Gallery, Italian Paintings in the Loan Collection from Mr. Martin A. Ryerson, M. Knoedler and Company, E. and A. Silberman, 1932, no. 6, as Bronzino.\n\nMilwaukee Art Museum, The Detective\u2019s Eve: Investigating the Old Masters, January 19-March 19, 1989, no. 33.\n\nThe Art Institute of Chicago, Bill Viola: A 25-Year Survey, October 16, 1999 \u2013 January 9, 2000, included in the gallery that held Viola\u2019s The Greeting for the Chicago venue.\n\nFlorence, Palazzo Strozzi, L\u2019Ombra del genio:  Michelangelo e l\u2019arte a Firenze, 1537-1631, 2002; traveled to Art Institute of Chicago and Detroit Institute of Arts as The Medici, Michelangelo, and the Art of Late Renaissance Florence, no. 34.\n\nPhiladelphia Museum of Art, Pontormo, Bronzino and the Medici: The Transformation of the Renaissance Portrait in Florence, 2004, cat. 25. \n\nFrankfurt, St\u00e4del Museum, Maniera: Pontormo, Bronzino and Medici Florence, 2016, no. 65.","provenance_text":"Probably Cosimo I de\u2019 Medici (d. 1574), Florence [it is almost certainly identical with the study described in Le vite de\u2019 pi\u00f9 eccellenti pittori, scultori e architettori scritte da Giorgio Vasari, ed. Gaetano Milanesi, vol. 6, Florence, 1881, p. 278]. William Ward (d. 1885), 1st Earl of Dudley, London, by 1854 [described by Waagen 1854, as by Pontormo]; his son William Humble Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley, sold Christie\u2019s, London, June 25, 1892, no. 46, as Giovanni Bellini for \u00a3180, to Durand-Ruel, acting on behalf of Martin A. Ryerson [annotated catalogue , Ryerson Library, and letter from Durand-Ruel to Ryerson, June 25, 1892 in AIC Archives]; Martin A. Ryerson (d. 1932), Chicago, from 1892; on loan to the Art Institute from 1930; bequeathed to the Art Institute, 1933.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":14,"fiscal_year":1933,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":true,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":30.8983,"color":{"h":320,"l":69,"s":3,"percentage":0.00011107112550592898,"population":1},"latitude":41.8793627662746,"longitude":-87.62335656316,"latlon":"41.879362766275,-87.62335656316","is_on_view":false,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Painting","artwork_type_id":1,"department_title":"Painting and Sculpture of Europe","department_id":"PC-10","artist_id":40752,"artist_title":"Pontormo, (Jacopo Carrucci)","alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[40752],"artist_titles":["Pontormo, (Jacopo Carrucci)"],"category_ids":["PC-10"],"category_titles":["Painting and Sculpture of Europe"],"term_titles":["oil on panel","portraits: male subject","16th Century","oil painting","oil paint (paint)","wealth","portraits","portrait","man","luxury","head","chains","armor","sixteenth century","Renaissance","panel painting","painting techniques","painting (image making)","painting","wood (plant material)","plant material","panel (wood)","painting","paint","organic material","oil paintings (visual works)","paint","Italian","painting","european painting"],"style_id":"TM-13772","style_title":"16th Century","alt_style_ids":["TM-15477","TM-5891"],"style_ids":["TM-13772","TM-15477","TM-5891"],"style_titles":["16th Century","sixteenth century","Renaissance"],"classification_id":"TM-80","classification_title":"oil on panel","alt_classification_ids":["TM-78","TM-10387","TM-14164","TM-9","TM-54"],"classification_ids":["TM-80","TM-78","TM-10387","TM-14164","TM-9","TM-54"],"classification_titles":["oil on panel","oil paintings (visual works)","paint","Italian","painting","european painting"],"subject_id":"TM-8581","alt_subject_ids":["TM-13455","TM-8658","TM-14105","TM-14974","TM-12505","TM-14368","TM-15580","TM-12635"],"subject_ids":["TM-8581","TM-13455","TM-8658","TM-14105","TM-14974","TM-12505","TM-14368","TM-15580","TM-12635"],"subject_titles":["portraits: male subject","wealth","portraits","portrait","man","luxury","head","chains","armor"],"material_id":"TM-2451","alt_material_ids":["TM-2431","TM-3478","TM-3644","TM-13502","TM-2577","TM-2601"],"material_ids":["TM-2451","TM-2431","TM-3478","TM-3644","TM-13502","TM-2577","TM-2601"],"material_titles":["oil paint (paint)","wood (plant material)","plant material","panel (wood)","painting","paint","organic material"],"technique_id":"TM-4273","alt_technique_ids":["TM-3975","TM-3971","TM-3891","TM-14210"],"technique_ids":["TM-4273","TM-3975","TM-3971","TM-3891","TM-14210"],"technique_titles":["oil painting","panel painting","painting techniques","painting (image making)","painting"],"theme_titles":[],"image_id":"2b751a0e-a492-7fa9-749c-6667cdd1c928","alt_image_ids":[],"document_ids":["4a3d0cd5-78ce-6e6b-f1a2-defa371330b9"],"sound_ids":["4a3d0cd5-78ce-6e6b-f1a2-defa371330b9"],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1933.1002"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Alessandro de' Medici"],"weight":6196,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-09-04T16:18:49-05:00","updated_at":"2026-09-04T19:21:27-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-06T05:52:05-05:00"},"info":{"license_text":"The `description` field in this response is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Generic License (CC-By) and the Terms and Conditions of artic.edu. All other data in this response is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero (CC0) 1.0 designation and the Terms and Conditions of artic.edu.","license_links":["https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/","https:\/\/www.artic.edu\/terms"],"version":"1.15"},"config":{"iiif_url":"https:\/\/www.artic.edu\/iiif\/2","website_url":"http:\/\/www.artic.edu"}}